The Role Of Business Ethics Within A Community Essay

Morality and values are contingent on the community’s view and opinions of the issues at hand. As time passes, the community will evolve and the popular interpretation of an issue will influence the acceptance of behavior by the community at large and, in a business setting, it is no different. Business leaders must adhere to accepted cultural and community code of conduct in order be accepted as contributing members of the community. In analyzing the role of business ethics within a community, Joseph Betz (1998) wrote: To live together beneficially, we must act decently or morally with one another. There is no social, economic or political institution which can exist if the participants in it unrestrainedly lie, cheat, steal, injure, threaten or physically endanger one another. (p. 694). As a group, the community must analyze and criticize the behavior of its member in order to arrive at a consensus on the tolerance of business practices and behaviors. However, the community’s inclinations may provide an obstacle to the entry and continuation of business activity within the community. Governments, as representative of the community, will attempt to influence and regulate the behavior of companies to reflect the expectations of the community in which they operate, as is the case of government mandated. â€Å"The main idea behind CSR is also known as the triple bottom line principle, implying that businesses (should) not only serve as economic, but also social andShow MoreRelatedCorporate Roles, Personal Virtues, And The Good Life934 Words   |  4 PagesIn the â€Å"Corporate Roles, Personal Virtues: An Aristotelean Approach to Business Ethics,† Robert Solomon argues that toughness is a virtue, but callousness and indifference is not. Solomon views the Aristotle approach the proper way, because it considers both personal and business values. However, Albert Carr argues that business and personal ethics don’t mix; and game-strategy in business leads to success. In this paper, I will argue that Carr prevails Solomon’s business ethics and his claim. AristotleRead MoreHow Ethics Affects Business Relationships Within An Organization Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pages Business ethics, business relationships and leadership make immense contribution towards influencing an organization’s overall existing culture. They all play a key role in an organization s development, success, and achievement through various aspects. There are numerous ways in which business ethics, business relationships, and business leadership affect an organization’s culture. These impacts can have either positive or negative repercussions. Some of the ways through which the business cultureRead MoreThe Difference Between Professionalism And Ethics1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe difference between professionalism and ethics is professionalism talks about staying professional within your business and always staying up to par about what is going on within a business. Ethics talks about the study of decisions and moral judgment. Ethics is the study of what should be, what is the ultimate good and how to achieve it. People have always thought that the primary purpose of business is to serve society. Business must have a society commitment otherwise businesses cannot enjoyRead MoreThe Influence of a Companys Leadership and Culture on Its Business Ethics1541 Words   |  6 PagesDiscuss the ways in which a companys leadership and culture influence its business ethics Definition of Organizational Culture Organizational culture refers to the values and behaviors essential in the contribution or development of unique social and psychological environment with reference to an organization. This is an indication that organizational culture is inclusive of the expectations, philosophy, values, and experiences that focus on holding an organization together with the aim of enhancingRead MoreEthics And The Code Of Ethics1455 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Practices There are many questions about people’s ethics and how they practice it by deciphering between what is right and what is wrong. How we think and behave towards others and how others think and behave towards us is how people live their lives. Doing what is right and personal integrity is two different features of ethics. In a business world, the Code of ethics is â€Å"a company’s written standards of ethical behavior that are designed to guide managers and employees in making theRead MoreThe Social Responsibility Of Business932 Words   |  4 PagesA corporation does do business within a vacuum; rather exist as part of larger collective framework of society, stakeholders and a global business community. I believe that corporations which are profitable, and promote moral and ethical standards are the benchmark of success; additionally, corporations bear a great social responsibility to the society it exists within, an simply working within â€Å"the basic rules of society, both those embodied in law and those embodied in ethical custom† is not enoughRead MoreThe Role of Ethics and Law in Creating and Maintaining Efficient Markets 1856 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironmental and social issues, there is a proficient need to educate future business leaders on actually how to run a business in a manner that contributes towards modern day concepts of sustainability and protection of natural resources around the world. The global business leaders of tomorrow will need to be flexible and able to incorporate all aspects of good decision-making in an increasingly complex global business environment. (Berenbeim 2005) Ethical leadership has become vital to the futureRead More Business Ethics Essay1618 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness Ethics Business ethics is a diverse field that cannot be defined with a single definition. This area addresses numerous issues, problems, and dilemmas within the management of businesses. Does this through numerous perspectives and methods. Of course, in order to present the complexities of business ethics, we must explore the types of issues that business professionals are continuously confronted with. To understand one must know the definition of corporate ethics as wellRead MoreEthics and Values in Business Sustainability789 Words   |  3 PagesQuestion 1 Rough Draft Ethics and values can be described as very important to business sustainability. There are ethics which are individual moral principles that govern or influence a person’s behaviour and there are business ethics which are written or unwritten codes of principles or values that govern decisions and actions within an organisation. Values are the context within which an organisation or a society’s norms are established and justified. All these aspects are important to the sustainabilityRead MoreEthics And Social Responsibility859 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Ethics and social responsibility 1. Introduction The contemporaneous business environment is more dynamic and more competitive than ever, reflecting a wide array of changes and challenges emerged from within the micro and the macro environments. An important example at this level is represented by the increasing pressures posed by the various categories of stakeholders. The employees become more knowledgeable, more valuable and as such more demanding; the competition intensifies from both

In Tree At My Window, by Robert Frost. - 2307 Words

In Tree At My Window, Robert Frost addresses a tree growing outside of his bedroom window with these words: But tree...You have seen me when I slept, ... I was taken and swept / And all but lost. / That day she put our heads together, / Fate had her imagination about her, / Your head so much concerned with outer, / Mine with inner, weather. In these lines Frost conveys several emotions and themes that infiltrate many of his works. These common themes include darkness, nighttime, isolation, inner turmoil and the premonition of death. It is through these recurring images that we are able to glimpse into Robert Frosts life, and see how greatly his life effected his poetry. Robert Frost endured many emotional hardships in his life. Some†¦show more content†¦It was during this time of transporting his family back to America that Frost wrote The Road Not Taken. In The Road Not Taken, Frost speaks of Two roads...in a yellow wood and the decision that he must make in choosing one path over the other. He looked down one as far as I could / To where it bent in the undergrowth...Then took the other, as just as fair, and scrutinized its possibilities and potential in comparison to the first road. He eventually comes to a decision, deciding to [keep] the first for another day! / Yet knowing how way leads on to way, / I doubted if I should ever come back. But is he satisfied with his decision? Of course not! I shall be telling this with a sigh / Somewhere ages and ages hence: / Two roads diverged in a wood and I - / I took the one less traveled by, / And that has made all the difference. He is not satisfied with his decision, as is made apparent when he says that he will be telling this with a sigh somewhere in the future. However, one does not have to be satisfied with their decision to accept it. Choosing the road less traveled by has made all th e difference in his life, but Frost does not specify that his choice was the one that produced the best possible outcomes in his life. Many of Frosts poems concern his future and making decisions that will effect the rest of his life. The poem An Old Mans Night was first published at theShow MoreRelated An Analysis of Frosts Tree at my Window Essay example826 Words   |  4 Pages  An Analysis of Frosts Tree at my Window  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   The poem Tree at my Window was written by Robert Frost, an America poet who was born in 1874 and died in 1963 (DiYanni 624). The narrator in this poem appears to be speaking to the tree at my window; then, repeating the phrase in reverse order, he calls it the window tree, as if to emphasize the location and nearness of the tree. Calling the tree a window tree, might also suggest that this tree is something he sees through,Read More An Analysis of Frosts Tree at my Window Essay838 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of   Frosts Tree at my Window      Ã‚   Tree at my Window was written by Robert Frost, an American poet who was born in 1874 and died in 1963 (DiYanni 624). His poem will be the basis of the discussion of this brief essay. The narrator in this poem appears to be speaking to the tree at my window; then, repeating the phrase in reverse order, he calls it the window tree, as if to emphasize the location and nearness of the tree. Calling the tree a window tree, might also suggestRead MoreRobert Frost Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Frost Robert Frost is one of the few twentieth century poets to receive critical acclaim and popular acceptance (Magill 728). His simplistic style appeals to the novice and expert poetry reader alike. Robert Frosts understated emotional appeal attracts readers of all literary levels. Frost develops subtly stated emotions and a clever use of imagery in his poetry. Influences on his poetry include his family, work, and other life experiences (Oxford 267). Frost also works to developRead MoreAbandonment and Singularity in Robert Frosts Poetry.1463 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"One is the Loneliest Number† or â€Å"Does Zero Count?† Abandonment and Singularity in Robert Frost’s â€Å"The Census- Taker† Robert Frost’s approach to human isolation is always an interesting exploration. His poem of desertion and neglect paired with eternal hopefulness ignite the reader in his poem â€Å"The Census-Taker.† All of the elements of a Frost poem are in this particular poem. â€Å"The Census-Taker† must be from an earlier time in Frost’s career because the poem is written in an open, free verse similarRead MoreAnalysis Of After Apple-Picking By Robert Frost1081 Words   |  5 PagesApple-Picking,† Robert Frost tells the story of an apple-picker who believes that any task completed incorrectly is worthless. Frost’s vivid descriptions of the apple-picker’s experience engage the reader in the poem, causing them to identify with his perspective. However, Frost simultaneously questions the reliability of his judgment by using the metaphor of the apple-picker looking through a window and the exclusion of sensory details to emphasize his detachment f rom reality. Frost begins â€Å"AfterRead MoreRobert Frost : A New England Poet3698 Words   |  15 PagesRobert Lee Frost Known for being a New England poet Robert Frost was born in San Francisco, California on March 26th, 1874. Born to a New England father William Prescott Frost Jr. and a Scottish mother Isabelle Moodie who moved to the west coast from Pennsylvania after marriage (Bailey). Both his parents were teachers and poets themselves, but his father later became a journalist with the San Francisco Evening Bulletin (Bailey). Frost spent 12 years of his life growing up in San Francisco, untilRead MoreComparison Of Alexander Pushkin And Robert Frost3535 Words   |  15 PagesTherese Youso ENG 312: Lyric Poetry Sr. Mary Dominic, O.P. April 28, 2015 Alexander Pushkin and Robert Frost both have written poems about autumn. There is a correlation between these two poems since they share many romantic features. â€Å"Autumn† and â€Å"After Apple-Picking† are both alike and different in many ways. Alexander Pushkin was born in Moscow, Russia and lived from 1799 until 1837. He wrote from a very young age, not only writing poetry, but also dramas and novels. He died in a duel whenRead MoreNotes on Poetry1113 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Poetry A Soldier By Robert Frost He is that fallen lance that lies as hurled, That lies unlifted now, come dew, come rust, But still lies pointed as it plowed the dust. If we who sight along it round the world, See nothing worthy to have been its mark, It is because like men we look too near, Forgetting that as fitted to the sphere, Our missiles always make too short an arc. They fall, they rip the grass, they intersect The curve of earth, and striking, break their own; They makeRead MoreGreen Building Technology3693 Words   |  15 Pagesself-explanatory; heating and cooling alone is a big part of whole energy consumption. Temperature control technology for green building enables reducing such consumption and carbon emission. During summer the sun light directly enters through houses through windows or hits the surfaces of outer building and heats up the whole construction. Four factors affect heat accumulation in a home: solar heat gain, internal heat gain, air leakage, and temperature difference. To solve these problems, approaches such asRead MoreGreen Building Technology3687 Words   |  15 Pagesself-explanatory; heating and cooling alone is a big part of whole energy consumption. Temperature control technology for green building enables reducing such consumption and carbon emission. During summer the sun light directly enters through houses through windows or hits the surfaces of outer building and heats up the whole construction. Four factors affect heat accumulation in a home: solar heat gain, internal heat gain, air leakage, and temperature difference. To solve these problems, approaches such as

Critical Argument Analysis free essay sample

One of the most hot topic issues of late is how the music industry influences our youth, and whether it is detrimental to our society. This hotbed of debate has been strongly reinforced by a thousand fold thanks to the presence of Marshall Mathers, better known as Eminem. There are two essays that have polar opposite opinions as to whether Mathers is blight or a champion in the music industry. Lloyd Eby wrote, â€Å"Why Eminem is a Problem† for The World and I. Obviously, he is very concerned with the reach of influence that Mathers has. Honestly, in terms of citations and outside research to the subject, I do not think he did a very good job of informing his opinion. All Eby seemed to do was actually just mainly write up the history of rock music before even getting to mention Mathers. He spoke about Tipper Gore trying to head the advisory committee to rate music, and Charlton Heston being disgusted with Ice-T’s â€Å"Cop Killa† without really correlating why Eby himself thinks that Mathers is truly a problem. Eby says that children are copying Mathers in terms of language and attitude, but there was no mentioning of where he got this information. Eby is fond of saying how Bill O’Reilly â€Å"understands† this by citing O’Reilly comparing Mathers to Elvis Presley. At least O’Reilly actually attempts to give some sort of testimony as to how evidently Mathers is destroying the very delicate fabric of society by citing anecdotal evidence of two anonymous schoolteachers who have claimed to witness such behavior. It is thin, but at least there is an attempt. Eby really just cites his opinion as to why Mathers is a problem. Again, he goes in the whole history of the PMRC. It is a very thorough write up of the organization, but during this whole history lesson he does not mention whether he feels the organization was a good idea—and why. Eby just recounts it. Same with recounting Charlton Heston reciting the lyrics of â€Å"Cop Killer† to the shareholders of Time Warner. He does not commend, or condone, Heston of doing this act. He just recounts it, and does not transition all of this into the point he is making with his issues with the music of Marshall Mathers. It would not surprise me if he has only listened to a couple of soundbytes from certain songs that make him all concerned about the artist. In contrast, I can believe that Maury P. McCrillis did a lot of research in his opinion in â€Å"Why Eminem is Important†. McCrillis does give the same history censorship history lesson that Eby gives, but he takes the time to take Lynn Chaney, Tipper Gore, and etc., to task about their views with Mathers and the music industry in general. McCrillis does this by giving different interpretations of Mathers’ lyrics as well as explaining the history of Socrates and Plato; while enveloping his interpretations with their works to the topic of Mathers at hand. McCrillis does seem to be a bit unwieldy with his research, but at least he attempts to make a bridge between what he researched, and the topic that he is writing about. Whereas Eby seemed to give a history lesson, and then just went straight to saying Mathers is a problem. In terms of being unwieldy, this is what I mean: â€Å"Those who are concerned with the degeneration of cultural values seem to find supportin the Socratic/Platonic concern with the potentially corrupting influence of imitative art largely because of a dissatisfaction with the Aristotelian notion of catharsis. The notion that art helps to purge emotions which might otherwise manifest themselves in everyday life is interesting but not convincing enough to quell the anxieties of those who fear declining moral standards. Arguing that human beings by nature â€Å"learn or infer† through imitation, Aristotle moved to  rescue art from Socratic suspicions about its moral effects and instead claimed that â€Å"poetry is a higher thing than history because poetry tends to express the universal, history the particular. † This move was also an attempt to pay homage to Socrates’s theory of mimesis. That is, at its worst, art can still help an audience to purge itself of destructive tendencies. At its best, it can portray things as they â€Å"ought† to be; it can be morally instructive. To me, this just revisits the idea that art is good or bad with respect to the extent to which it is in accordance with facts. After all, art can protray things as they ought not to be as well. The notion of catharsis may give art enough integrity in such instances to protect it from being banned or maybe even censored, but ultimately such works become relegated to the dustbin of low art, where they are subjected to social and intellectual suspicion until they are forgotten. Only the art that can be deemed to provide the right moral instruction has the opportunity to be counted as high art, where it can receive serious intellectual consideration and perhaps real, lasting appreciation  and admiration. What McCrillis is saying here is that there are many different artists throughout the times that have been challenged with the accusations of vulgarity, and are now artists that are cited in today’s text. Is he saying that Mathers is going to be on that level? Maybe. He does concede that where he can think some of Mathers’ lyrics can be a bit too blue, but he does point out that Mathers writes what he thinks in terms of irony, and uses Aristotle as an example. A bit much, but that is more than Eby did with his essay.

Which cars students can afford in 2017

Which cars students can afford in 2017 Choosing an affordable car is an important decision for a financially conscious college student. Before the purchase, students can estimate costs for maintaining cars by projecting the expenses. This list of 10 affordable vehicles for students can help them make the right choice. Nissan Versa MSRP: $10,710 EPA Mileage: 29 MPG Nissan Versa is a smart choice for the financially conscious student.   In spite of its small cost, it offers Vehicle Dynamic Control with Traction Control System, AM/FM/CD audio system, rear intermittent windshield wiper with washer, and auxiliary audio input jack.   This car is equipped with 3 type of transmission – manual, automatic, and continuously variable transmission. Hyundai Accent MSRP: $10,690 EPA Mileage: 31 MPG The Hyundai Accent stands on the second position in our list. It is a perfect choice for a cost-conscious student. This car can definitely boast its sleek styling, affordability, a 10-year/100,000-mile drivetrain warranty, and a 5-year/ 60,000 – mile basic warranty. It is famous for its best-in-class standard fuel economy and power. The Hyundai Accent`s highway fuel economy of 40 mpg is an 18 percent improvement over its predecessor`s 34 mpg highway manual transmission fuel economy rating. Chevrolet Aveo MSRP: $12,685 EPA Mileage: 30 MPG Chevrolet Aveo is equipped with a 5-year/100,000-mile limited powertrain coverage warranty and a 3-year/ 36,000 – mile limited coverage warranty. It is considered to be one of the most economical cars for students. Smart ForTwo MSRP: $12, 635 EPA Mileage: 36 MPG The price tag makes this car perfect for a college student. It has a 2-year/24,000-mile limited warranty. The Smart ForTwo is a rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive, 2-seater hatchback city car. Toyota Yaris MSRP: $13,335 EPA Mileage: 32 MPG This car is affordable for a modern student. Toyota Yaris boasts of its beautiful styling, reliability, and affordability. It has a 3-year/36,000 basic warranty and a 5-year/60-mile powertrain coverage warranty. Petrol engines are equipped with a system of variable timing. Beside the basic 1.0-liter 65 hp plant, the Yaris is also powered by the new 1.3-liter 87 hp petrol engine and directly injected 1.4-liter 75 hp D-4D diesel. Kia Rio MSRP: $12,390 EPA Mileage: 31 MPG This car comes with a 5-year/60,000 mile limited basic warranty and a 10-year/100,000 mile powertrain warranty. It has attractive styling with well designed and maintained interiors. The body styling of Kia Rio includes five door and four door hatchback and sedan styles. It is outfitted with diesel as well as gasoline engines. Suzuki SX4 MSRP: $14,094 EPA Mileage: 26 MPG Technical characteristics of Suzuki SX4 provide confident traction and safety. With its modeling and choice of trim packages, it is a perfect car for college students. It has a 7-year/100,000 mile limited powertrain warranty and a 3-year/36,000 mile new vehicle limited warranty. Kia Soul MSRP: $13,995 EPA Mileage: 28 MPG Kia Soul is an affordable car which offers a menu of customization options. It has a 10-year/100,000 mile powertrain warranty and a 5-year/60,000 mile limited basic warranty. This model is available within inline four holder cylinder gas engines. Base model has 1.6 liter producing 91 kW with manual transmission. Kia Forte MSRP: $14, 390 EPA Mileage: 29 MPG Kia Forte is among the most fuel-efficient vehicles for students. It has a 10-year/100,000 mile powertrain warranty and a 5-year/60,000 mile limited basic warranty. This car is offered with a 1.8 L DOHC engine that produces 148 HP with total torsion of about 131 pound-feet. Kia Forte includes LED headlights, and tail lights as standard features. Hyundai Elantra MSRP: $14,865 EPA Mileage: 28 MPG Hyundai Elantra is one of the most attractive cars for students. It offers a 10-year/100,000- mile drivetrain warranty and a 5-year/60,000-mile basic warranty.

Contemporary Art Answer Essays - Post-Impressionism, Free Essays

Contemporary Art Answer Essays - Post-Impressionism, Free Essays Contemporary art is art produced after 1946 up until this present day. It seems to overlap modern art as modern art did not necessarily diminish until later on. For example, Jeff Koons would be considered a contemporary artist because he has been producing art after 1946, in our lifetime. Of course, with every time period, new art ideas will almost always receive backlash from the media and may be considered shocking. For example, in 2015 when Sacramento was set to erectan $8 million public sculpture (Coloring Book) by HYPERLINK "artnet.com/artists/jeff-koons/" \t "_blank" Jeff Koonsoutside its new basketball arena, not everyone was a fan of the plan. It was intended to capture a child's ecstatic enjoyment of the world, but other artists and critics had mentioned that it does not feel inspired by the movement that created the arena and it does not represent our city or where it's going. Many do not seem to see the enjoyment he is portraying in his work, much like his Balloon Dog.Not only do we see this backlash in this period of contemporary art, but also in previous periods of art, such as post impressionism (modern art). Paul Gauguins Self Portrait with Halo and Snake (1889) caused quite a stir due to Gauguin representing himself as a saint, or saint-like, by including a halo above his head. Of course throughout the decades art has constantly been changing due to the technological advances and the changes that have been made in society as well; art is always responding to real things. Paul Gauguins Self-portrait with Halo and Snake was influenced by HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukiyo-e" \o "Ukiyo-e" Japanese wood-block printsand HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloisonnism" \o "Cloisonnism" cloisonnism, completed several years after he had visited Tahiti. HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Portrait_with_Halo_and_Snake" \l "cite_note-conisbee-14" In the painting, Gauguin wears the saffron colored robe of a Buddhist monk, perhaps influenced by Van Gogh's earlierSelf-Portrait Dedicated to Paul Gauguin (1888). During that time period, art was heavily influenced by Japanese prints and the impression other artists had left behind in their paintings to inspire other artists in the future. In this current period of contemporary art, Jeff Koons art is inspired by popular culture subjects and reproductions of banal objects; Balloon dog made from stainless steel with a transparent colour coating. His piece that was supposedly meant to be displayed outside the basketball arena was influenced by the enjoyment a child possesses in such simple things in life, much like his other art pieces such as his giant balloon figures. As mentioned before, both artists have received backlash and controversy for their artwork and it is safe to say that almost every artist should expect some sort of a backlash for their art in any time period or context. Art is never perfect and never will be perfect; others may see your artwork diffe rently than you do and interpret its meaning differently than intended. Therefore, although some viewers may be able to have a certain likeness to an artists artwork, the piece will never gain full acceptance of its entire audience. Some art can be appreciated in hindsight as a comment of that time period. Paul Gauguins self-portrait may have created backlash in his time period, but as we intellectually study its meaning and the influence of the piece, we can determine the intentions he or other artists had during that time period. Many people often find Jeff Koons art quite odd, such as his sculpture Coloring Book and Balloon Dog, but in the next time period of art, they may look back and study its meaning and intentions, predicting the motives he and possibly other artists had during that time period. Jeff Koons is a great example of a contemporary artist who intends to show the simplest pleasures in life through his artwork, allowing anyone to understand its simplicity and enjoy every moment of it. Jeff Koons Balloon Dog Paul Gauguin Self Portrait with Halo and Snake

What Are the Benefits of Recycling Metal

What Are the Benefits of Recycling Metal The United States recycles 150 million metric tons of scrap materials annually, including 85 million tons of iron and steel, 5.5 million tons of aluminum, 1.8 million tons of copper, 2 million tons of stainless steel, 1.2 million tons of lead and 420,000 tons of zinc, according to the Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI). Other metals such as chrome, brass, bronze, magnesium, and tin are recycled as well. What Are the Benefits of Recycling All That Metal? By definition, mining metal ores and refining them into usable metals is unsustainable; the amount of metals present on earth is fixed when considering (at least when considering any useful geological time scale). However, metals are easily recycled and reused, providing renewed opportunities for their use without having to mine and refine more of it. Thus, issues associated with mining like can be avoided, like  acid mine drainage.  By recycling, we reduce the need to manage extensive and potential dangerous piles of mine tailings.   U.S. Exports Recycled Metal In 2008, the scrap recycling industry generated $86 billion and supported 85,000 jobs. The recycled materials that the industry processes into raw material feedstock every year are used for industrial manufacturing around the world. For example, 25% of the steel used in production car panels (doors, hood, etc.) is obtained from recycled materials. For copper, used in the home building industry for electric wires and plumbing pipes, that proportion surpasses 50%. Each year, the United States exports staggering amounts of scrap metals - called scrap commodities  -  contributing significantly to U.S. trade balances. For example, in 2012 the U.S. exported $3 billion worth of aluminum, $4 billion of copper, and $7.5 billion of iron and steel. Metal Recycling Saves Energy and Natural Resources Recycling scrap metal reduces the substantial amounts of  greenhouse gas emissions  produced during the various smelting and processing operations used when making metal from virgin ore. At the same time, the amount of energy used is also much smaller. Energy  savings using various recycled metals compared to virgin ore is up to: 92 percent for aluminum 90 percent for copper 56 percent for steel These savings are significant, especially when scaled up to large production capacities. Indeed, according to the U.S.Geological Survey, 60% of steel production comes directly from recycled iron and steel scrap. For copper, the proportion coming from recycled materials reaches 50%. Recycled copper is almost as valuable as new copper, making it a common target for scrap metal thieves. Metal recycling also conserves natural resources. Recycling one ton of steel conserves 2,500 pounds of iron ore, 1,400 pounds of coal and 120 pounds of limestone. Water is also used in great quantities in the manufacturing of many metals. According to an industry source, through recycling steel the amount of energy conserved would be enough to power 18 million homes for an entire year.  Recycling a ton of aluminum conserves up to 8 tons of bauxite ore and 14-megawatt hours of electricity.That figure does not even account for shipping the bauxite from where it is mined, generally in South America.  The total amount of energy saved in 2012 by making aluminum from recycled material added up to 76 million megawatt hours of electricity.​ Edited by Frederic Beaudry.

Rist in Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Rist in Financial Management - Essay Example Many methods have been developed over the years to effectively appraise the investment proposals. These methods have been broadly bifurcated into two, namely Non- Discounting Method and Discounting Method. The main difference between these two is that discounting methods applies the concept of time value of money for the evaluation of proposals whereas the non-discounting methods do not. However, all methods primarily rely on the future cash flows of project/proposal, which are compared with the initial investment to carry out a cost benefit analysis. In the cost benefit analysis of a project, the cash outflows incurred in connection with the project including working capital is compared with cash inflows to ascertain whether inflows outweigh outflows and vice versa. If the inflows exceed the outflows of a project, then the project will be suggested for acceptance, provided all other parameters are acceptable. But, there is a crucial issue in evaluating the project proposal which is not given much importance in any of the two mentioned methods. This is related to the risks involved in the future cash flows on the basis of project selection/rejection is made. It is known for all that future cash flows from a project can be expected, but the question is how much or what is the volume of cash flows that are likely to be received from a project. There is an uncertainty in this regard and such an uncertainty is called risk in capital budgeting. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate the risks involved in each project by certain methods. Usually, the future cash flows are adjusted for the risks to incorporate the uncertainty with regard to its availability. The most commonly used three methods are: 1. Scenario Analysis 2. Break-even Analysis 3. Decision Tree Analysis Scenario Analysis: "Scenario analysis is a method of assessing probable future occurrences by taking into account alternate probable consequences or scenarios. Scenario analysis was planned to enable quality decision making by appropriating more comprehensive conditions of results and what they entail." (Scenario Analysis. 2008). In scenario analysis, several variables are varied at a time. Most commonly three scenarios are considered: expected (normal) scenario, pessimistic scenario and optimistic scenario. In the normal scenario, all variables expect assume their expected values; in the pessimistic scenario, all variables value their pessimistic values; and in the optimistic scenario all variables assume their optimistic values. "The process of estimating the expected value of a portfolio after a given period of time, assuming specific changes in the values of the portfolio's securities or key factors that would affect security values, such as changes in the interest rate." (Scenario Analysis: What d oes Scenario Analysis Mean 2008). Break-even Analysis: "A break even analysis is a method, which denotes what is the ideal quantity of production and the minimal amount of sales to guarantee that there is no monetary loss of a project. Break even analysis forms an integral part of capital budgeting." (Break Even Analysis. 2008). In break-even analysis, the most important thing for the project appraiser is how much should be produced and sold at a minimum to ensure that the